Dysschema bivittata (Walker, 1854)

Walker, F. (1854). List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Trustees of
the British Museum, London; p. 348 (as Pericopis bivittata).

Fusca; caput nigrum, albo guttatum; thorax antice flavo quadrimaculatus; abdomen
nigro-fuscum, luteo quadrivittatum, subtus flavum; alae anticae basim versus
fulvescentes, fasciis duabus mediis obliquis flavis; posticae luteae vitta
ramosa marginibusque nigris, his albo guttatis.
Brown. Head black, with white dots. Thorax with four yellow spots in front.
Abdomen blackish brown, with four luteous stripes, yellow beneath; middle dorsal
stripes green at the tips. Fore wings mostly tawny towards the base; two oblique
yellow discal bands, the first tawny hindward; a row of white dots along the
tips. Hind wings luteous, with a black ramose stripe; hind borders black with
white dots. Length of the body 8 1/2 lines; of the wings 27 lines.
a. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's collection.

Hering, M. (1925). Pericopidae. In: Seitz, A. (ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the
World, vol. 6, The American Bombyces and Sphinges. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart; p.
443, pl. 64 a (as Pericopis bivittata).

P. bivittata Wkr. (= disjuncta Wkr.) (64 a). In the habitus recalling P. aorsa
(64 a) and recta (63 g), wings more longish, underside of abdomen without the
black median line. Discal band and subapical band of forewing broad, yellow,
both nearing each other, rarely narrow. Hindwing red-brown, with a black margin
dotted bluish-white, and a black transverse band before it. The veins between
both, and the transverse vein black. Postdiscal band and white submarginal spots
may disappear. Venezuela, Panama.

The aorsa paragraph referred to (same work, p. 442, pl. 64 a):

P. aorsa Bsd. (= lucretia Btlr., umbra Drc.) (64 a). Body as in indecisa,
abdomen with a very broad black median line beneath. Forewing as in indecisa,
but shorter, hindwing varying from ochreous to pinkish-orange, with a narrow,
black margin dotted bluish-white, a black costa and veins, distally to the cell
a black postdiscal line being pointedly extended on the veins, at the anal
margin extended to the base. S. Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala.

The recta paragraph referred to (same work, p. 442, pl. 63 g):

P. recta sp. n. (63 g) is very much like aorsa, but whilst in the latter the
dorsal line of the abdomen is on each segment expanded at the posterior margin,
it runs here uniformly. Wings on the whole lighter, the postdiscal band of the
hindwing is much narrower, not so pointedly extended. The discal and subapical
bands of the forewing are more broadly separated, not connected. Panama,
Colombia. Female type from the Cauca in the Berlin Museum.

Moraes, S. S. (2014). Análise cladística da subtribo Pericopina e revisão
taxonômica de Dysschema Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae,
Arctiini). Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo;
pp. 141-143, figs 27 G-H (adults), 35 (male genitalia) (Dysschema bivittata,
holotype: Venezuela, BMNH).

Translated from the Portuguese original.

Redescription. Male (Fig. 27 G).
Head: predominantly brown. Vertex with white scales in the anterior and
posterior region of the scape, spots with reduced tufts of white scales in the
region behind the ocelli. Labial palpus brown, anterior region of the 1st and
2nd segments with white scales.
Thorax: predominantly brown. Prothoracic collar with four yellow spots, two
larger proximal and two smaller distal ones. Tegula with two basal yellow spots,
one on the inner margin and another, yellow, extending to the central part of
the tegula. Fore wing with costal, outer and inner margins brown, veins outlined
with brown scales; three semi-hyaline patches with brown scales: (i) triangular
in the basal region, (ii) subrectangular in the median region, discontinuous at
the stem of CuA, (iii) oval in the subapical region, between R5 and CuA1; two
brown bands, one between the costal and inner margins, passing through the
middle of the discal cell, sometimes fading from the stem of CuA onwards, and
another between the costal and outer margins, passing through the closure of the
discal cell, sometimes fading beyond M3; white dots in the submarginal region;
two spots at the wing base, one with reddish scales on the stem of R and another
with white scales on the stem of CuA; underside with a pattern like the
upperside, but the wing base with a reddish spot in the costal region. Hind wing
with costal and outer margins brown, median region of variable colour, yellowish
or orange; submarginal band brown, with its proximal element formed by chamfered
red spots, obscured in some individuals, and its distal element formed by small
white spots; underside with a pattern like the upperside, but with the costal
margin orange, the proximal element of the submarginal band more evident and the
wing base with a reddish spot in the costal region.
Abdomen: dorsally brown, with lateral yellow spots on A1-A8, sometimes orange;
ventrally yellow. Tufts of orange scales on the terminal part of the abdomen.
Genitalia (Fig. 35): tegumen trapezoidal in dorsal view, with a fenestra in the
median region, anterior margin sinuous and with postero-lateral projections with
rounded apex. Uncus bifid, not fused to the tegumen; antero-lateral region of
the uncus with a ventral projection, narrower than the arms of the uncus; arms
of the uncus parallel, twice as wide as the antero-lateral projection, fused in
their anterior part, not projected ventrally and with dentate apex. Valva
entire; medial apodeme (lacinia) absent, distal apodeme absent; sacculus
distinct, in the form of a fold; harpe indistinct; cucullus reduced to a small
protuberance, not extending beyond the valvula; valvula sclerotized and
digitiform and extended posteriorly. Transtilla sclerotized, not articulated
with the valva and fused to the juxta. Juxta sclerotized, two subquadrate
sclerites. Saccus without anterior projections. Aedeagus straight, smooth;
ejaculatory bulb rounded, foramen lateral; vesica with one lobe, cornutus in the
form of microspines in the central part of the vesica, everted part of the
ejaculatory duct smooth.
Female (Fig. 27 H).
Head: predominantly brown. Vertex brown, anterior and posterior region of the
scape with white scales, spots with reduced tufts of white scales in the
postero-central region of the vertex and behind the ocelli. Labial palpus brown,
anterior region of the 1st and 2nd segments with white scales.
Thorax: predominantly brown. Prothoracic collar with four yellow spots. Tegula
with two basal yellow spots, one on the inner margin and another on the outer
margin, extending to the median part of the tegula. Mesothorax with a tuft of
white scales in the antero-proximal region. Fore wing varying between brown and
dark brown on the costal, outer and inner margins; veins outlined with brown
scales; four semi-hyaline patches with beige scales, sometimes obscured: (i)
triangular in the basal region, (ii) subquadrate in the median region, inside
the discal cell, (iii) subrectangular in the median region, between the stem of
CuA and the tornus, (iv) oval in the subapical region, between R5 and CuA1;
white dots in the submarginal region, sometimes obscured; underside with a
pattern like the upperside, but the wing base with an orange spot in the costal
region and the semi-hyaline patches better delimited. Hind wing with the outer
margin brown and the median region orange with veins outlined by brown scales,
most evident on the stem of CuA and on CuA2; discal band dark brown, from M1 to
the inner margin, of variable width, sometimes vestigial; submarginal band brown
with small white spots; underside with a pattern like the upperside, but with
the costal margin sometimes orange and the wing base with an orange spot in the
costal region.
Abdomen: dorsally brown, with lateral spots, orange on A1-A3, sometimes on
A1-A5, faded yellow on the remaining segments; ventrally yellow. Tufts of orange
scales on the terminal part of the abdomen.
Genitalia: seventh sternite with pockets lateral to the ostium, symmetrical,
sclerotized; ostium sclerotized, fused to the seventh sternite, extended
posteriorly, with two dorsal projections, flattened dorso-ventrally, close
together and with truncate apex; antrum sclerotized, displaced to the right;
ductus bursae sclerotized, short; corpus bursae not extending beyond the seventh
sternite, signa present. Lamella antevaginalis absent; lamella postvaginalis
absent.